Field Guide · hardware

A computer monitor is the display that shows a computer’s visual output — the screen you read and interact with, as opposed to the box that does the computing.1

size (diagonal) resolution 1920×1080 px refresh: 60–144 Hz stand HDMI DisplayPort USB-C video in from GPU
A monitor is defined by three numbers — size, resolution, and refresh rate — and fed a video signal from the computer's GPU over an HDMI, DisplayPort, or USB-C input, which it turns into light.

Overview

Most monitors are flat-panel displays built on LCD technology (with IPS, VA, or TN variants) lit by LEDs, while higher-end models use OLED for deeper contrast and true blacks. The main specifications are size (measured diagonally), resolution (the pixel count, such as 1920×1080 or 3840×2160), and refresh rate (how many times per second the image updates, in hertz).

A monitor is an output peripheral: it receives a video signal from the computer’s GPU over HDMI, DisplayPort, or USB-C and turns it into light. It does no computing of its own — swap the box behind it and the same panel shows a different machine.

Panel types

The panel technology sets the trade-off between color, contrast, speed, and price:

Panel Strength Weakness Typical use
IPS Wide viewing angles, color Lower contrast General, creative
VA High contrast Slower pixels Media, general
TN Fast, cheap Poor angles/color Budget, e-sports
OLED Deep blacks, fast Cost, burn-in risk Premium, HDR

Where it fits

A monitor pairs with any desktop computer, mini PC, or laptop, while an all-in-one computer builds the same panel into the system. Picking one is a trade-off: office and coding work reward resolution and screen area, gaming rewards high refresh rate and low latency, and photo or video work rewards color accuracy. For a GopherTrunk bench, screen area pays off — a wide or tall monitor keeps a waterfall, constellation plot, and call log all visible at once.

Sources

  1. Computer monitor — Wikipedia, on display devices for computers. 

See also