Field Guide · hardware

Also known as: NAS

Network-attached storage (NAS) is a dedicated file-storage device that connects to a network and lets multiple clients read and write shared files over standard protocols.1

NAS 4 disks in a RAID array desktop laptop phone SMB NFS SMB one shared file store many clients read and write over the network
A NAS combines several disks into a redundant RAID array and serves the resulting shared files to many clients at once over standard protocols like SMB and NFS — a single storage pool the whole network can reach.

Overview

A NAS is a small, specialized server whose job is storage: a handful of drive bays, a modest CPU, and an operating system tuned for serving files over protocols such as SMB and NFS. Drives are usually combined into a RAID array for capacity and redundancy, so a single disk failure does not lose data.

This contrasts with storage-area network (SAN) hardware, which serves raw block devices rather than files, and with direct-attached storage, which is wired to one machine and cannot be shared. Consumer NAS boxes from vendors like Synology and QNAP have made the form factor common in homes and small offices, while enterprise units scale to dozens of bays.

How it compares

NAS is one of three ways to attach storage, distinguished by what they serve and who can reach it:

Type Serves Shared? Typical use
NAS Files (SMB/NFS) Many clients Shared documents, media, backups
SAN Raw blocks Servers (via fabric) Databases, virtualization
Direct-attached Blocks One host A single server’s own disks

For most homes and small offices the file-level, network-shared NAS is the natural fit; SANs earn their complexity only when applications need raw block devices at scale.

Where it fits

A NAS is the natural shared-storage tier behind a home server or in a data center rack, built on ordinary hard disk drives. It is a good home for GopherTrunk’s bulk output — days of decoded calls and IQ recordings can sit on a redundant NAS volume rather than the capture node’s local disk, keeping the node lean and its storage safe from a single drive failure.

Sources

  1. Network-attached storage — Wikipedia, on NAS devices, protocols, and RAID. 

See also